The podcast explains how circadian and circannual rhythms, regulated by light exposure and melatonin, influence energy, mood, and hormonal balance throughout the year. Morning and afternoon light, along with regular exercise, support circadian entrainment, which is critical for cognitive function and accurate time perception. Ultradian cycles of approximately 90 minutes govern focus and mental performance, suggesting optimal work intervals should align with these natural rhythms. Neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine make time feel longer, while serotonin shortens it, with dopamine playing a key role in both real-time perception and memory formation. Traumatic events heighten time perception through increased neural firing, whereas novel experiences enrich retrospective time by boosting dopamine. In contrast, routine and boredom lead to faster subjective time but poorer memory retention. The episode emphasizes structuring work and rest in functional units aligned with neurochemical peaks, particularly in the morning, and highlights the importance of sleep and rhythm stability for mental clarity and emotional regulation.