The discussion begins with how visual perception is constructed in the brain, starting from photons hitting the retina to conscious sight in the visual cortex. They explain color vision through cone and rod photoreceptors and introduce melanopsin in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which regulate circadian rhythms independently of image formation. These cells signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the brain’s master clock, influencing melatonin release and sleep-wake cycles. The vestibular system's role in detecting motion and maintaining balance is examined, along with the vestibulo-ocular reflex that stabilizes vision during head movements. Conflict between visual and vestibular inputs can lead to motion sickness. The cerebellum is highlighted for its role in motor coordination, learning, and integrating sensory signals, particularly through the flocculus. The midbrain, especially the superior colliculus, integrates multisensory inputs for spatial orientation and reflexive responses. The basal ganglia are discussed in the context of 'Go/No-Go' decisions and impulse control, exemplified by the Marshmallow Test. Finally, the profound plasticity of the visual cortex is illustrated by its ability to adapt to tactile processing in blind individuals, as seen in Braille reading and stroke recovery, demonstrating the brain’s remarkable capacity for reorganization.