Sudan's civil war, initially a power struggle between military leaders, has spiraled into one of the worst humanitarian disasters in recent history, with up to 400,000 dead and over 12 million displaced. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), linked to past atrocities, now control artisanal gold mines in Darfur, using the profits—smuggled largely through South Sudan—to fund their campaign. Meanwhile, the national army controls industrial mining operations tied to Russian interests. Nearly all Sudanese gold, both legal and illicit, flows into the UAE, which receives billions annually, mostly undeclared. A Swiss study found $115 billion in African gold reached the UAE between 2012 and 2022, implicating it in sustaining the conflict. Despite evidence of weapon supplies and political backing from the UAE to the RSF, official denials persist. U.S. officials have raised concerns privately, but global attention is fading, threatening long-term accountability and relief efforts.